Information
The following information was summarised from various sources for your convenience.
Apple Inc. The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666.66 ($2.55thousand in 2010 dollars, adjusted for inflation.) Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977 without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800. VisiCalc created a business market for the Apple II, and gave home users an additional reason to buy an Apple IIcompatibility with the office. Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for the option to buy 100,000 shares of Apple at the pre-IPO price of $10 a share. Apple's sustained growth during the early 1980s was in great part due to its leadership in the education sector, attributed to an implementation of the LOGO Programming Language by Logo Computer Systems Inc., (LCSI), for the Apple II platform. The success of Apple and LOGO in the education environment provided Apple with a broad base of loyal users around the world. The drive into education was accentuated in California by a momentous agreement concluded between Steve Jobs and Jim Baroux of LCSI, agreeing with the donation of one Apple II and one Apple LOGO software package to each public school in the State. This successful strategy and arrangement between Apple and LCSI, was eventually replicated in Texas, establishing a strong and pervasive presence for Apple in all schools throughout California, which ignited the acquisition of Apple IIs in schools right across the country. Apple saw the Apple II series as too expensive to produce, while taking away sales from the low end Macintosh. In 1990, Apple released the Macintosh LC with a single expansion slot for the Apple IIe Card to migrate Apple II users to the Macintosh platform. Apple stopped selling the Apple IIe in 1993. Instead they sued Microsoft for using a graphical user interface similar to the Apple Lisa in Apple Computer, Inc. The same year, Apple introduced the Power Macintosh, the first of many Apple computers to use IBM's PowerPC processor. At the 1997 Macworld Expo, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would join Microsoft to release new versions of Microsoft Office for the Macintosh, and that Microsoft made a $150 million investment in non-voting Apple stock. On November 10, 1997, Apple introduced the Apple Store, tied to a new build-to-order manufacturing strategy. On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first official Apple Retail Stores in Virginia and California. Although Apple's market share in computers has grown, it remains far behind competitors using Microsoft Windows, with only about 8 percent of desktops and laptops in the U.S. 2007present: Mobile Consumer Electronics Era Delivering his keynote at the Macworld Expo on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. In an article posted on Apple's website on February 6, 2007, Steve Jobs wrote that Apple would be willing to sell music on the iTunes Store without DRM (which would allow tracks to be played on third-party players) if record labels would agree to drop the technology. On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that after over 20 years of attending Macworld, 2009 would be the last year Apple would be attending the Macworld Expo, and that Phil Schiller would deliver the 2009 keynote in lieu of the expected Jobs. Current products
Apple sells a variety of computer accessories for Mac computers including the AirPort wireless networking products, Time Capsule, Cinema Display, Magic Mouse, the Apple Wireless Keyboard computer keyboard, and the Apple USB Modem. Apple TV
At the 2007 Macworld conference, Jobs demonstrated the Apple TV, (previously known as the iTV), a set-top video device intended to bridge the sale of content from iTunes with high-definition televisions. In September 2009, Apple discontinued the original 40GB Apple TV and now continues to produce and sell the 160GB Apple TV. Software
Apple develops its own operating system to run on Macs, Mac OS X, the latest version being Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard. Timeline of Apple products
Culture Corporate Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of what a corporate culture should look like in organizational hierarchy (flat versus tall, casual versus formal attire, etc.). As the company has grown and been led by a series of chief executives, each with his own idea of what Apple should be, some of its original character has arguably been lost, but Apple still has a reputation for fostering individuality and excellence that reliably draws talented people into its employ, especially after Jobs' return. To recognize the best of its employees, Apple created the Apple Fellows program. Mac users would meet at the European Apple Expo and the San Francisco Macworld Conference & Expo trade shows where Apple traditionally introduced new products each year to the industry and public until Apple pulled out of both events. Research by NetRatings indicate that the average Apple consumer is usually more affluent and more well-educated than PC consumers, the research indicated that this correlation could stem from the fact that on average Apple Inc. Ever since the first Apple Store opened, Apple has sold third party accessories. CEOs
Since formation of the Apple Computer Company in 1977, it (as Apple Computer, Inc.) has employed over 75,000 people worldwide. Most of Apple's employees have been located in the United States but Apple has substantial manufacturing, sales, marketing, and support organizations worldwide, with some engineering operations in Paris and Tokyo. Apple employees include employees of companies acquired by Apple as well as subsidiaries such as FileMaker Inc. Logos
Apple's first logo, designed by Jobs and Wayne, depicts Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. Almost immediately, though, this was replaced by Rob Janoff's "rainbow Apple", the now-familiar rainbow-colored silhouette of an apple with a bite taken out of it. The Apple logo was designed with a bite so that it would be recognized as an apple rather than a cherry. Climate Counts also labeled Apple with a "stuck icon," and the environmental group added that Apple was "a choice to avoid for the climate conscious consumer." Immediately after the allegations, Apple launched an investigation and worked with their manufacturers to ensure that conditions were acceptable to Apple. They have also been criticized from both user and developer perspectives over disabling Google Voice from their online store for iPhone, pressuring journalists to reveal their sources regarding future Apple products, restrictive and long wait in approving or disapproving third party iPhone software, disabling iTunes syncing with third-party devices like Palm Pre, and the iPhone's US exclusivity with AT&T, along with questions and concerns about other app rejections and the general approval process for the iPhone's App Store. For other companies also named Apple, see Apple (disambiguation). (January 9, 2007(2007-01-09))
Steve Jobs (Co-founder, Chairman and CEO) Tim Cook (COO) Peter Oppenheimer (CFO) Jonathan Ive (Industrial Design)
Mac (Pro, Mini iMac MacBook, Air, Pro Xserve) iPod (Shuffle, Nano, Classic, Touch) iPhone (Original 3G 3GS 4), iPad Apple TV, Cinema Display, AirPort, Time Capsule Mac OS X (Server), iLife, iWork, iOS
The Apple I, Apple's first product. products, Timeline of Apple II family,and Timeline of Macintosh models
Products on this timeline indicate introduction dates only and not necessarily discontinued dates, as new products begin on a contiguous product line. Simon (1999), On the Firing Line: My 500 Days at Apple ISBN 0-88730-919-4
Jim Carlton, Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania and Business Blunders ISBN 0-88730-965-8
Alan Deutschman (2000), The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, Broadway, ISBN 0-7679-0432-X
Andy Hertzfeld (2004), Revolution in the Valley, O'Reilly Books ISBN 0-596-00719-1
Paul Kunkel, AppleDesign: The Work of the Apple Industrial Design Group ISBN 1-888001-25-9
Steven Levy (1994), Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything ISBN 0-14-029177-6
Owen Linzmayer (2004), Apple Confidential 2.0, No Starch Press ISBN 1-59327-010-0
Michael S. Byrne (1987) Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple, HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-015780-1
Steve Wozniak, Gina Smith (2006), iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It, W. Levinson
Apple TV iPad iPhone (Original, 3G, 3GS, 4) iPod (Classic, Mini, Nano, Shuffle, Touch) Mac (iMac, MacBook (Air, MacBook, Pro), Mini, Pro, Xserve) Discontinued products
AirPort Cinema Display iPod accessories Mighty Mouse Magic Mouse Keyboard Time Capsule
Aperture Bento FileMaker Pro Final Cut Studio Garageband iLife iOS iTunes iWork Logic Studio Mac OS X (Server) QuickTime Safari Xsan
ADC AppleCare Apple Specialist Apple Store(online) App Store Certifications Game Center iAd Genius Bar iBookstore iTunes Store iWork.com MobileMe One to One ProCare
Steve Jobs Tim Cook Peter Oppenheimer Phil Schiller Jonathan Ive Mark Papermaster Ron Johnson Sina Tamaddon Bertrand Serlet Scott Forstall Bob Mansfield Greg Joswiak
Emagic FingerWorks Intrinsity Lala NeXT Nothing Real P.A. Semi Poly9 Silicon Color Siri Spruce Technologies Quattro Wireless
Ads (1984, Get a Mac, iPods, Slogans, Motifs) Braeburn Capital FileMaker Inc. History (Criticism, Discontinued products, Litigation, Typography)
Wikipedia book Book Category Category Portal Portal Project page Project File Commons Template Template
Related Articles: Apple I, Apple II, Apple III, Apple IIe, Apple Lisa, Macintosh, Mac Portable, PowerBook, Apple Newton, Pippin, iBook, iPod, Mac Mini, MacBook, MacBook Pro, Apple TV, iPhone, MacBook Air, iPod Touch, iPad
Activision Blizzard Adobe Akamai Altera Amazon.com Amgen Apollo Group Apple Applied Materials Autodesk ADP Baidu Bed Bath & Beyond Biogen Idec BMC Software Broadcom C.H.
A company is a form of business organization. In North America, two of the earliest companies were The London Company (also called the Charter of the Virginia Company of London)an English joint stock company established by royal charter by James I of England on April 10, 1606 with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North Americaand Plymouth Company that was granted an identical charter as part of the Virginia Company. Types
There are various types of company that can be formed in different jurisdictions, but the most common forms of company (generally formed by registration under applicable companies legislation) are:
Note that "Ltd after the company's name signifies limited company, and PLC (public limited company) indicates that its shares are widely held."
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family (Rosaceae) and is a perennial. Davidson also notes a further connection between fertility and apples in Norse mythology in chapter 2 of the Vlsunga saga when the major goddess Frigg sends King Rerir an apple after he prays to Odin for a child, Frigg's messenger (in the guise of a crow) drops the apple in his lap as he sits atop a mound. Apples are an important ingredient in many desserts, such as apple pie, apple crumble, apple crisp and apple cake. Albrecht Drer, 1507
Group D Mid/late season flowering, May 12 to 15 (Golden Delicious, Calville blanc d'hiver)
Mildew: which is characterized by light grey powdery patches appearing on the leaves, shoots and flowers, normally in spring.
Aphids: There are five species of aphids commonly found on apples: apple grain aphid, rosy apple aphid, apple aphid, spirea aphid and the woolly apple aphid. 1911.
Adams Pearmain Ambrosia Antonovka Arkansas Black Ashmead's Kernel Aurora Golden Gala Baldwin Ben Davis Blenheim Orange Belle de Boskoop Braeburn Bramley Brina Brown Snout Calville Blanc d'hiver Cameo Cornish Gilliflower Cortland Cox's Orange Pippin Cripps Pink (Pink Lady) Discovery Egremont Russet Elstar Empire Esopus Spitzenburg Flower of Kent Foxwhelp Fuji Gala Ginger Gold Golden Orange Golden Delicious Granny Smith Gravenstein Grimes Golden Harrison Cider Apple Haralson Honeycrisp Idared James Grieve Jazz Jersey Black Jonagold Jonathan Junaluska Karmijn de Sonnaville Knobbed Russet Liberty Macoun McIntosh Mutsu Newtown Pippin Nickajack Nicola Norfolk Biffin Northern Spy Paula Red Pink Pearl Pinova Ralls Genet Rambo Red Delicious Rhode Island Greening Ribston Pippin Rome Roxbury Russet Rubens (Civni) Sekai Ichi Spartan Stayman Winesap Styre Summerfree Taliaferro Worcester Pearmain York Imperial Zestar
Sweet is one of the five basic tastes and is almost universally regarded as a pleasurable experience. The current theoretical model is the multipoint attachment theory, which involves multiple binding sites between sweetness receptor and the sweet substance itself. Sweetness modifiers
Despite the wide variety of chemical substances known to be sweet, and knowledge that the ability to perceive sweet taste must reside in taste buds on the tongue, the biomolecular mechanism of sweet taste was sufficiently elusive that as recently as the 1990s, there was some doubt whether any single "sweetness receptor" actually exists. Sweet Receptor Pathway To depolarize the cell, and ultimately generate a response, the body uses a different taste receptor pathway for each tastesweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, etc. Some odors smell sweet and memory confuses whether sweetness was tasted or smelt. While previous researchers had noted that among some groups of compounds, there seemed to be a correlation between hydrophobicity and sweetness, this theory formalized these observations by proposing that to be sweet, a compound must have a third binding site (labeled X) that could interact with a hydrophobic site on the sweetness receptor via London dispersion forces. "A candidate taste receptor gene near a sweet taste locus".
Sin, in religion, is the concept of acts that violate a moral rule. A more developed concept of "sin" deals with a distinction between sins of death (mortal sin) and the sins of human living (venial sin).
Original sin (also known as Ancestral sin, Hereditary sin, Birth sin or First sin)