Information
The following information was summarised from various sources for your convenience.
Chicken Kiev is a popular sandwich of boneless chicken breast pounded and rolled around cold garlic butter with herbs, then breaded and either fried or baked. The Russian food historian William Pokhlebkin claimed, but could not prove, that Chicken Kiev was invented in the Moscow Merchants' Club in the early 20th century and was renamed Chicken Kiev (kotleta po-kievski) in one of the Soviet restaurants in later years. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/1379468/Email-from-Ukraine.html.
Fried chicken Chicken soup Buffalo wings Tandoori chicken Butter chicken Chicken rice
Ancona Brahma Bresse Campine Cornish Cochin Delaware Dorking Andalusian Hamburg Holland Houdan Sussex Vorwerk Sebright Orpington Dominique
Coordinates: 502700N 303124E / 50.45N 30.52333E / 50.45; The Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated in 13241325, so while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to the Golden Horde. In 1569 (Union of Lublin), when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was established, the Lithuanian-controlled lands of the Kiev region, Podolia, Volhynia, and Podlachia, were transferred from Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and Kiev became the capital of Kiev Voivodeship. However, enthusiasts among ethnic Ukrainian nobles, military and merchants made recurrent attempts to preserve native culture in Kiev (by clandestine book-printing, amateur theatre, folk studies etc.) During the Russian industrial revolution in the late 19th century, Kiev became an important trade and transportation centre of the Russian Empire, specialising in sugar and grain export by railway and on the Dnieper river. Kiev was greatly affected by all the major processes that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the interwar period: the 1920s Ukrainization as well as the migration of the rural Ukrainophone population made the recently Russophone city partly Ukrainian-speaking and propped up the development of the Ukrainian cultural life in the city; the Soviet Industrialization that started in end-1920s turned the city, a former centre of commerce and religion, into a major industrial, technological and scientific centre, the 19321933 Great Famine devastated the part of the migrant population not registered for the ration cards, and Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of 19371938 almost eliminated the city's intelligentsia In 1934 Kiev became the capital of Soviet Ukraine. Additionally, the Head of City Administrationthe leading executive position is held by a directly elected, rather than appointed, figure, who is also the Head of City Councilthe Mayor of Kiev, and municipal institutions have a higher level of self governance than elsewhere in Ukraine. Raions in Kiev city includes:
Demographics the All-Ukrainian Census conducted on December 5, 2001, the population of Kiev is 2,611,300. Modern Kiev
Modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people themselves. Culture See also: Category:Kiev city culture
Kiev was the historic cultural centre of the East Slavic civilization and a major cradle for the Christianization for Rus', Kiev retained through centuries its cultural importance and even at times of relative decay, it remained the centre of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity of the primary importance. An important part of Kiev's culture is the many theatres in the city, which include: Kiev Opera House, Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theatre, Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama, the Kiev Puppet Theater, October Palace, National Philharmonic of Ukraine and many others. The most important of the city's many museums are the Kiev State Historical Museum, Museum of the Great Patriotic War, the National Art Museum, the Museum of Western and Oriental Art, the Pinchuk Art Centre and the National Museum of Russian art. Sports See also: Category:Sport in Kiev
Football is the most popular spectator sport in Kiev, followed by basketball and ice hockey. Kiev is the host of field games, indoor sports, and aquatic sports, which take place on the Kiev Reservoir at Vyshhorod, and on Trukhaniv Island in the Dnieper river, opposite the city centre, where there are many fine beaches and recreational facilities. Architecture See also: Category:Buildings and structures in Kiev
Kiev's most famous historical architecture complexes are the St. Sophia Cathedral and the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Monastery of the Caves), which are recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Tourism
See also: Category:Visitor attractions in Kiev Attractions in Kiev It is said that one can walk from one end of Kiev to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Kiev fortress is the 19th century fortification buildings situated in Ukrainian capital Kiev, that once belonged to western Russian fortresses. Economy
See also: Category:Economy of Kiev, Economy of Ukraine As most capital cities, Kiev is a major administrative, cultural and scientific centre of the country.
Kiev hosts many universities, the major ones being Kiev National Taras Shevchenko University, the National Technical University "Kiev Polytechnic Institute", and the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. History of Kiev's name in English
Currently, Kiev is the traditional and most commonly used English name for the city, but since the 1995 adoption of Kyiv by the Ukrainian government as a preferred spelling, the Ukrainianized version Kyiv is gaining usage. While the choice of these spellings have likely been influenced by the Polish name of the city (Polish: Kijw) as until mid-seventeenth century the city was controlled by Poland, the name Kiev that started to take hold at later times, likely originates on the basis of Russian orthography and pronunciation, during a time when Kiev was in the Russian Empire (since 1708 a centre of a Governorate). Kiev is also based on the old Ukrainian language spelling of the city name and was used by Ukrainians and their ancestors from the time of Kievan Rus until only about the last century. 30.52333
Darnytskyi Raion Desnianskyi Raion Dniprovskyi Raion Holosiivskyi Raion Obolonskyi Raion Pecherskyi Raion Podilskyi Raion Shevchenkivskyi Raion Solomianskyi Raion Sviatoshynskyi Raion
Ankara, Athens, Baku, Belgrade, Bratislava, Brussels, Budapest, Chicago, Chiinu, Edinburgh, Florence, Helsinki, Krakw, Kyoto, Leipzig, Minsk, Munich, Odense, Paris, Pretoria, Riga, Rio de Janeiro, Rome, Santiago de Chile, Sofia, Stockholm, Tallinn, Tampere, Tbilisi, Toronto, Toulouse, Warsaw, Wuhan, Vienna, Vilnius, Pereira, Yerevan
The Verkhovna Rada building seat of the Ukrainian parliament. Official documents:
(English) welcome-to-kiev.org.ua Welcome to Kiev! Resolution of the Ukrainian commission for legal terminology
U.S. Board of Geographic Names Decision to Change Official Spelling of Kiev to Kyiv
Fred Weir, Kiev or Kyiv: language an issue in Ukraine, The Christian Science Monitor, June 28, 2000
Sofiyivsky Park Kiev Pechersk Lavra Kamianets-Podilskyi Complex Khortytsia Chersonesos Saint Sophia Cathedral Khotyn Fortress
Darnytsia Desna Dnipro Holosiiv Obolon Pechersk Podil Shevchenko Solomiansk Sviatoshyn
Akademmistechko Baikove Borschahivka Chokolivka Demiivka Feofaniya Holosiiv Klov Koncha-Zaspa Korchuvate Kurenivka Lukianivka Lypky Lysa Hora Minskyi Masyv Nyvky Obolon Pankivschyna Pechersk Petrivka Pyrohiv Podil Priorka Puscha-Vodytsia Shuliavka Solomianka Sovky Sviatoshyn Syrets Tatarka Telychka Teremky Vidradnyi Vita Vydubychi Vynohradar Yevbaz Zabaikove Zamkova Hora Zhulyany Zvirynets
Berezniaky Bortnychi Bykivnia Chervonyi Hutir Darnytsia Kharkivskyi Masyv Lisova Livoberezhna Osokorky Pozniaky Rusanivka Troieschyna Voskresenka
Cherkasy Chernihiv Chernivtsi Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Ivano-Frankivsk Kharkiv Kherson Khmelnytskyi Kiev Kirovohrad Luhansk Lviv Mykolaiv Odessa Poltava Rivne Sumy Ternopil Vinnytsia Volyn Zakarpattia Zaporizhia Zhytomyr
Cherkasy Chernihiv Chernivtsi Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Ivano-Frankivsk Kharkiv Kherson Khmelnytskyi Kiev Kirovohrad Luhansk Lutsk Lviv Mykolaiv Odessa Poltava Rivne Sevastopol Simferopol Sumy Ternopil Uzhhorod Vinnytsia Zaporizhia Zhytomyr
London Cannes Luxembourg London Copenhagen Naples Luxembourg Vienna London Madrid
Amsterdam Dublin Edinburgh Luxembourg Brighton Stockholm The Hague London Paris Jerusalem
The Hague Dublin Harrogate Munich Luxembourg Gothenburg Bergen Brussels Dublin Lausanne
Leningrad Odessa Sevastopol Stalingrad Kiev Brest Fortress Moscow Kerch Novorossiysk Minsk Tula Murmansk Smolensk
Amsterdam, Netherlands Andorra la Vella, Andorra Belfast, Northern Ireland Brussels, Belgium5 Douglas, Isle of Man4 Cardiff, Wales Dublin, Ireland Edinburgh, Scotland Lisbon, Portugal London, United Kingdom Luxembourg, Luxembourg Madrid, Spain Monaco, Monaco Paris, France Saint Helier, Jersey4 Saint Peter Port, Guernsey4
Copenhagen, Denmark Helsinki, Finland Longyearbyen, Svalbard Mariehamn, land Islands Oslo, Norway Reykjavk, Iceland Riga, Latvia Stockholm, Sweden Tallinn, Estonia Trshavn, Faroe Islands Vilnius, Lithuania
Belgrade, Serbia Berlin, Germany Bern, Switzerland Bratislava, Slovakia Budapest, Hungary Ljubljana, Slovenia Prague, Czech Republic Vienna, Austria Warsaw, Poland Vaduz, Liechtenstein Zagreb, Croatia
Ankara, Turkey1 Athens, Greece Gibraltar, Gibraltar4 Nicosia, Cyprus2, Northern Cyprus2, 3 Podgorica, Montenegro Pristina, Kosovo3 Rome, Italy San Marino, San Marino Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Tirana, Albania Valletta, Malta Vatican City, Vatican City
Astana, Kazakhstan1 Baku, Azerbaijan1 Bucharest, Romania Chiinu, Moldova Kiev, Ukraine Minsk, Belarus Moscow, Russia1 Sofia, Bulgaria Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic3 Sukhumi, Abkhazia3 Tbilisi, Georgia1 Tskhinvali, South Ossetia3 Yerevan, Armenia1
1 Transcontinental country. 2 Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 3 Partially recognised country. 4 Crown Dependency or Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom. 5 Also the seat of the European Union, see Location of European Union institutions and Brussels and the European Union.
The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the Red Jungle Fowl. Conventional wisdom has held that the chicken was domesticated in India, but recent evidence suggests that domestication of the chicken was already under way in Vietnam over 10,000 years ago. Babies are called chicks, and the meat is called chicken. "Chicken" was originally the word only for chicks, and the species as a whole was then called domestic fowl, or just fowl. This use of "chicken" survives in the phrase "Hen and Chickens", sometimes used as a British public house or theatre name, and to name groups of one large and many small rocks or islands in the sea (see for example Hen and Chicken Islands). After 12 months, the hen's egg-laying ability starts to decline, and commercial laying hens are then slaughtered and used in processed foods, or sold as "soup hens". A muff or beard is a mutation found in several chicken breeds which causes extra feathering under the chicken's face, giving the appearance of a beard. Hens will try to lay in nests that already contain eggs, and have been known to move eggs from neighboring nests into their own. Hens cluck loudly after laying an egg, and also to call their chicks. In 2006, scientists researching the ancestry of birds "turned on" a chicken recessive gene, talpid2, and found that the embryo jaws initiated formation of teeth, like those found in ancient bird fossils. This behavior can also be observed in mother hens, calling their chicks. Domestic chicken in the Americas before Western conquest is still an ongoing discussion, but blue-egged chicken, found only in the Americas and Asia, suggest an Asian origin for early American chickens. Before hatching, the hen can hear the chicks peeping inside the eggs, and will gently cluck to stimulate them to break out of their shells.
The hen will usually stay on the nest for about two days after the first egg hatches, and during this time the newly hatched chicks live off the egg yolk they absorb just before hatching. After hatching, the hen fiercely guards the chicks, and will brood them when necessary to keep them warm, at first often returning to the nest at night. However, some "utility" (general purpose) breeds, such as the Cochin, Cornish and Silkie, do regularly go broody, and they make excellent mothers, not only for chicken eggs but also for those of other specieseven those with much smaller or larger eggs and different incubation periods, such as quail, pheasants, turkeys or geese. Chicken eggs can also be hatched under a broody duck, with varied success. Chickens farmed for meat are called broiler chickens, whilst those farmed for eggs are called egg-laying hens. Artificial incubation
Chicken egg incubation can successfully occur artificially as well. Nearly all fertilized chicken eggs will hatch after 21 days of good conditions - 99.5 F (37.5 C) and around 55% relative humidity (increase to 70% in the last three days of incubation to help soften egg shell). However, if the egg is turned during the last week of incubation the chick may have difficulty settling in the correct hatching position. Chickens as food
The meat of the chicken, also called "chicken", is a type of poultry meat. Popular chicken dishes include roasted chicken, fried chicken, chicken soup, Buffalo wings, tandoori chicken, butter chicken, and chicken rice. The so called "urban hen movement" harks back to the days when chicken keeping was much more common, and involves the keeping of small groups of hens in areas where they may not be expected, such as closely populated cities and suburban areas. Chicken diseases and ailments Chickens are susceptible to several parasites, including lice, mites, ticks, fleas, and intestinal worms, as well as other diseases. the illness is generally restricted to humans.) Some of the common diseases that affect chickens are shown below:
Chickens in religion and mythology In Indonesia the chicken has great significance during the Hindu cremation ceremony. A chicken is tethered by the leg and kept present at the ceremony for its duration to ensure that any evil spirits present during the ceremony go into the chicken and not the family members present. Earlier, Jesus compares himself to a mother hen when talking about Jerusalem: "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing." A red silk scarf is placed on the chicken's head and a close relative of the absent bride/groom holds the chicken so the ceremony may proceed. An early domestication of chickens in Southeast Asia is probable, since the word for domestic chicken (*manuk) is part of the reconstructed Proto-Austronesian language (see Austronesian languages). The Roman gourmet Apicius offers 17 recipes for chicken, mainly boiled chicken with a sauce. Chickens in South America An unusual variety of chicken that has its origins in South America is the araucana, bred in southern Chile by Mapuche people. For chicken as human food, see Chicken (food). (September 2009)
Fried chicken Chicken soup Buffalo wings Tandoori chicken Butter chicken Chicken rice
Ancona Brahma Bresse Campine Cornish Cochin Delaware Dorking Andalusian Hamburg Holland Houdan Sussex Vorwerk Sebright Orpington Dominique